- Kia ora and welcome to National Treasures. Join us as we glean the story of who we are and how we got there through objects, keepsakes and taonga from the past 100 years. - This is the Bastion Point flag. - Oh, ataahua. - From the priceless to the seemingly ordinary, pieces you've brought to us will be evaluated by our panel of experts here at Auckland Memorial Museum, Tamaki Paenga Hira,... - 'P.G. Snell'. - Yeah, d'you wanna try it on? - This is the moment of my life! (LAUGHS) - ...with our team of some of the country's most knowledgeable experts... - Small, everyday objects often have really important connections to big events in our history, and that's what I'm really excited to talk to people about. - ...and my husband, Scotty Morrison, who's out on the road searching for taonga that couldn't quite make it here today. - This is spectacular. - We're looking for the best items that tell New Zealand's story,... - 'Iconic' is a word that is gonna fill this show ` things that go to the very heart of New Zealand identity. - ...and those items will be displayed at Te Papa, New Zealand's national museum. SPEAKS TE REO: So join us as we delve into our national treasures. www.able.co.nz Copyright Able 2021 - Kia ora ano, tatou. (SPEAKS TE REO) So our last day. I feel like we could have made an exhibition out of everything we've seen already. - Absolutely. - I feel like I've lived 100 years... - (LAUGHTER) - ...in the last three days. - You don't look like it. Only 90. - Sure. Thank you. - (LAUGHTER) - But thank you for all your energy you're bringing. Are we ready for some more today? - Yep. - Absolutely. Let's do it. - Day four ` me haere tatou. - # Her love shines over my horizon. # She's a slice of heaven. - # Slice of heaven. - # Warm moonlight over my horizon. # She's a slice of heaven. # - Mason, lovely to meet you, brother. - Good to see you, Oscar. - Son of the great Murray Ball,... - Yes. - ...one of our greatest New Zealanders ever. And tell me what we have here. - Uh, this is Horse's gravestone. - So, Horse is one of the beloved characters... - Yes, he is. - ...from Footrot Flats, of course, your dad's cartoon... - Yes. - ...that he sold around the world for 20 years. And this is the actual stone from the actual cat that inspired that character? - That's correct. - Murray Ball took a lot of inspiration from his own life on his farm in Gisborne, so the tough character of Horse was from his real life, and it also made it into the comic ` a perfect example of, you know,... art and life coming together and just... everyone loving it. Was he a stray that just showed up one day? - When we bought the house in the 70s,... - Yeah, yeah? - ...the house came with some house cows, and it came with some sheep and a billy goat, and Horse was the resident cat. - So he adopted the Ball family? - He did. - The other thing we loved about Horse and Footrot Flats the strip was that` his 'no nonsense, never take a backwards step' ` was the real cat like that? - Oh, definitely. Yeah. He was very a hardcase cat ` strong, and then also loving, on the other side of the coin. - And why was he called Horse? - Yep? Um, he was of majestic size, this cat. When he wandered in, my brother said, 'He's as big as a horse.' - Yeah. - And the name sort of stuck,... - Is that right? - ...and then it became somewhat immortalised when Dad put it in his cartoons. Horse used to tag along a lot with Dad. He was really quite wounded when Horse died. - I spoke before about the characters in the strip all having an element of me in them. I have to exclude Horse (CHUCKLES) when I say that, because Horse has` had the independence and the strength that, uh, unfortunately, I don't possess. Would like to have been like Horse, but, um, Horse was` had a character way beyond me, and I had a very strong admiration for him. I don't know why. - One of the cool things about Footrot Flats was how it took elements of New Zealand culture and centred it around here, and it was something we could all really connect to. - That's right. - After a decade in print, with soaring popularity both in New Zealand and around the world, Footrot Flats became New Zealand's first-ever animated feature film. It came out in New Zealand in 1986. It grossed 2.5 million at the New Zealand box office and 4.5 million in Australia. If we had those numbers now, that would still be amazing. That's quite a legacy that your father has left. - Yeah. - How does that make you feel, as his son? - Oh, terrific. You know, yeah, the legacy's important, but the legacy of my dad goes above and beyond his cartooning. He was a great father as well, and he loved his country, and he loved his people, and he loved his cat. - And of course, his work still carries on ` it's still sold... - It is. - ...around the world. - Yes, it is. Well, thank you for remembering it. - Look, obviously, grave robbing is never something to be encouraged, um, but if it's... contributing to a item that is classed as a national treasure that helps us tell a story that's significant to the people of New Zealand, I think that's one of the few circumstances where grave robbing is allowed. But it should be... discouraged, generally speaking. - Breaking news ` the deadly coronavirus is now in New Zealand. - Don't panic. - Prepare to go into isolation as a nation. - This virus... does not respect... borders. - When COVID hit New Zealand, few of us had any idea of how it would impact our lives. - No one wants loss of life, and that's why we are all presently self-isolating ` to try and prevent that as much as we can. - Hi, Colleen. Can you tell me a bit about what you've got here? - It's Jacinda and Ashley Bloomfield, and it's a press conference made out of recycling. - So this is the 1pm press conference that everyone tuned into,... - Yeah, the iconic 1pm press conference. - ...framed their lives around? Jacinda and Ashley became these kind of, like, god-like figures... - Yeah. - ...in people's lives. - No one wants loss of life, and that's why we are all presently self-isolating ` to try and prevent that as much as we can. - It was this weird, surreal world, and you're suddenly locked in your house, and they just became this, like, point of normality. When one of them wasn't there, I really didn't like it. (LAUGHS) I was like, 'Oh, where's Ashley today?' - So, what inspired you to make this object? - Um, part of it was to get some sort of... therapy. Um, so, my mum had leukaemia, um... And she was sort of all right ` I actually had tickets booked to go and see her ` but just as lockdown was sort of kicking in,... - From 11.59pm tonight, we will close our border to any non-residents and citizens attempting to travel. - ...um, she got pneumonia. She passed away before, and, um, it was obviously a deeply sad time. The bit that was really hard was not getting home for a last hug, a last goodbye. Everyone saw the people on the news that couldn't get to loved ones, and I was definitely one of those. I mean, it was a piece that was created for fun, but for me privately, it was definitely part of a healing process. It's weird, cos it's a silly... (LAUGHS) silly little trash-built object. - Yeah. In a time when we've got no control over anything, to be able to set yourself a project and have a focus and be like, 'This is what I'm gonna do ` I'm gonna make a trash Jacinda and a trash Ashley' ` I think that's the real power of craft and creativity, and that's really one way that we can work through these things. It's not just a fun craft project. For Colleen, it tells the story of a time when her world was turned upside down both by the global pandemic and by personal tragedy. These paper cut-out people reveal how we can cope, how we can overcome fear and sadness through creativity. - Oh, let me just` - (SHEEP BLEATS) - These are wild animals, cuz. - At that time, a man who was in prison for murder was allowed to get married; here were we, just an ordinary suburban couple ` we couldn't get married. (UPBEAT ELECTRONIC MUSIC) (PENSIVE ELECTRONIC MUSIC) - As part of the National Treasures kaupapa, I'm travelling around Aotearoa New Zealand to take a look at some of the taonga that couldn't make it on the day. SPEAKS TE REO: - (LAUGHS) Tena koe! - Tena koe, tena koe. - Ae, ae. - Kia ora. You have a very special taonga to show us. What would that be? - I do. Burnview Station is a historic station, so I want you to come and see. - Awesome. Burnview Station is located on the East Coast, in a township called Herbertville. This shed is steeped in history. You can almost hear the hum and bleating of many decades of shearing seasons that have passed. - There's something just really special about walking into a woolshed. The smell, for a start ` city people don't like it too much; I love it. - (LAUGHS) So, in your opinion, why is this particular shed so important to us as a nation, Aotearoa? - (SHEEP BLEAT) - Why is this so important? - Burnview Station has a proud history of pastoral farming, of settling. New Zealand was built on the back of a sheep, wasn't it, really? Truthfully. But then also, for a lot of Maori, this is where we all cut our teeth as well. So, you know, the whakapapa of those early settlers, those pastoralists that came out of our people ` who were actually the landowners but became the mahi, the kaimahi ` but who now are increasingly taking their place back with their whenua. You know, it's a magical story, and it's actually a story about nation-building of Aotearoa New Zealand. We just have to listen to it. And then you look around and see names on the walls, right back into the early 1900s. It's a special place for me. - And some of the names that you speak about are actually names in your whakapapa ` they're your direct family, the generations before you. - They are. My grandmother, back in her very early days, worked here as a wool classer. Upon the rafters is her name ` 'Mavis Barclay, '1930-'31'. - Wow. - For us, this was about whanau. We worked as a family, and, you know, that kaupapa still kind of resonates today. So we still have a shearing business that's now passed into the fourth generation ` our daughter Aria. - I hear ` a little bird told me ` that your whanau is quite competitive? Yourself, for example, a two-time Golden Shears champion? - Who told you that? - A little bird, like I said. - (BOTH LAUGH) - We are pretty competitive. The competitions in the shearing and wool handling have been quite an important kaupapa for us, because this isn't the sexiest job in town ` you know, up at 5 o'clock; no central heating, no air conditioning; you just take what you find. And so the opportunity to compete against your peers gives a chance to almost lift... and give pride to people ` and an industry. - Mm. So, how's the wool industry developed over the years? - There are some amazing things. At the moment, Merino New Zealand have got this trial where they're using wool mixed with cornstarch to be a plastic alternative. Wool in this woolshed here could provide all the insulation for your home. So there's is a number of those kind of innovations that are happening. I've been up to Stanford with people like Firewall ` you know, they're making the surfboards, eh, out of wool. We've been and spoken to people like IKEA, who are also changing their image and considering more natural fibres, and we're able to talk to people involved with Tesla ` just trying to push ourselves into these other places where we have a... we have a value proposition. - Mm. Sold. - Before you go, Scotty, I think we cannot let you leave here without at least picking up a handpiece. What do you reckon? - (INHALES SHARPLY) - Let's get a sheep out and let's get you going, eh? - All right. - Love it. - I'm up for the challenge. - Awesome. - I think. (LAUGHS) Oh, let me just` OK. - These are wild animals, cuz. - (SHEEP BLEATS) - There we go. Yep. - Now` - Walk back with it. Walk back, walk back, walk back. Beautiful. Beautiful. - Got him. Got him. - That's us. - (SHEARS WHIRR) - OK. - Start off down here. You gotta come up here, start here and go down this way. - Whoo-hoo-hoo-hoo! - A little bit tough. - A little bit what? - Nah, bro, you got too many muscles. You gotta do it nicely ` nice and gentle. - Cut, cut! Take two. Take two. - Bring your hand down a little bit. - Yeah. Yeah? - Nice one, Scotty. - Thank you, Mavis. - Mean Maori men. - Yeah, boy. Yee-hee-hee-hee-hee! Whoo! - Shall I put him out there? - Yep. - All right. - (SHEEP BLEATS) - Wahey! (LAUGHS) Whoo-hoo! - Thank you. - Shot, cuz. - Awesome, bro. Whew! I'm tired. I've only done one. (LAUGHS) - (LAUGHS) Fantastic job. Maybe you should stay with the TV, though, eh? - (LAUGHTER) - Well, it's been an awesome day here at the farm, and especially inside that woolshed. I've learnt so much today. I've learnt how much the wool industry has meant to a lot of our communities around the country and a lot of our whanau especially, and I also have learnt that wool is probably going to be our future, e hoa ma. I mean, it's sustainable. It's good for the environment. (SPEAKS TE REO) Kia ora tatou. (PENSIVE ACOUSTIC MUSIC) - Kia ora, John and Des. Lovely to meet you. Hi. - Kia ora. Lovely to meet you too. - Kia ora! - Thank you so much for coming in and for bringing your precious item with you. - It's our pleasure. - So, I wonder if we can just talk a little bit about what this document is. - This is quite amazing to us ` it's the first certificate that was issued for civil unions in New Zealand. So in that sense, it's historical, and Des and I were very much part of the group that fought to get the right to... first of all, marriage, but to get legal recognition of our relationship. - At select committee, more than 20,000 had their say. - There we are. - (BOTH LAUGH) - Mwah. Oh, great. That's good. - Yeah. We've done it. - ARCHIVE: John Jolliff and Des Smith have reached another milestone in their relationship ` after two decades together, they've become one of the first couples in the country to apply for a civil union licence. - This is history. We` We` We are making history. - And what year is this? - This one is 2005. - And so, the law was passed in 2004? - That's right. - Is that right? And so this is a` the Civil Union Law. And so before the Civil Union Law was passed,... - Yep? - ...gay relationships were not...? - Were not recognised. - At that time, a man who was in prison for murder was allowed to get married in prison, and here were we, just an ordinary suburban couple ` we couldn't get married. It was crazy. What was the justice in that? - The fight for equality for LGBTQ relationships has been long and incremental. The Marriage Amendment Bill of 2013 finally allowed for same-sex couples to marry. - I feel like a champion for ordinary New Zealanders who love each other, who want to marry. - But 10 years earlier, the Civil Union Act passed with just a narrow majority. It's a bureaucratic document, you know? - It's a matter-of-fact document. - It's a matter-of-fact document, and it might not look like there's a lot of emotion tied up in it, but really, beneath it, it's this... - Oh, yes. - ...enormous wellspring... - Important history. Yeah. - ...of history and emotion. It wasn't until 1986 that homosexuality was decriminalised, despite fierce opposition from conservative Christian groups. - DES: 1985 was the big fight. Before that, it was seven years' imprisonment for any gay couple who were caught... - ...expressing their affection. - ...just being a couple. - And in fact, the bill has just been passed through Parliament, uh, 49 votes to 44 ` a five-vote margin. - What was it like after law reform? You know, like, that transitional moment from when the bill passed... Was it like a whole new world? - We had the most amazing amount of unexpected support ` not just from family, but people would come out of cafes in Cuba Street as we walked passed and say, 'Good on you, guys.' - Yeah. Yeah. - We didn't know them from a bar of soap, but` wonderful. - I think it's important to understand that these things form building blocks towards something later. You know, we have homosexual law reform, civil unions, and then, eventually, equality in marriage ` so the Marriage Equality Act. - That's right. - We wanted it for our personal rights ` we knew that we wanted a civil union ` but we wanted it to be a legal option for anybody who wanted that. Because 10 years later to the day ` and almost to the hour ` we were able to get married. - And you did. - And we did. Thank you. - It's been such an honour talking with you. Things like this is what I work with every day ` documents ` and I see such immense value in them, and it's just a real privilege to meet you and to hear your story. - Tena korua. - Ah, tena koe, Matariki. - Kia ora. It's great to meet you both and to have a chance to talk to you about your relationship with the Ngati Poneke Maori Club ` doing kapa haka, travelling around, meeting one another. - Yes. (CHUCKLES) - Ngati Poneke Maori Club was formed in the 1930s, and part of their role was almost as a home away from home for Maori that were moving into the cities. And if we can turn to talking about some of the taonga you've brought here? - Yes. Well, the pari was gifted to us, and it was to talk about Wellington, with the inner harbour and the oceans and the sea and the sea life. It's slightly changed, but it's basically the original patent back in 1937 that we continued. - Whoa. Cool. - I joined in 1955. We got to not only learn kapa haka but also became involved in the administration of the club. - For you, Donas, it` you migrated to Wellington? - Yes. I came from Opotiki, Te Whakatohea. - Oh. It would've been a bit of a shock, leaving your whanau and wanting to find a sense of another whanau or hapu... - Yes. - Cities were sometimes a hostile place for Maori, who felt like they had to conform to the Pakeha ways of city life, often meaning that it was hard to stay connected to tikanga and the cultural values that our people have and were brought up with. - The club gives them a guidance and a social outlet as well as a learning outlet` - And to live in the city! (LAUGHS) - Yes, yes. Yeah. - And it became our second home, so to speak ` our second whanau, in terms of the wonderful people you meet ` and the whakawhanaungatanga extended right throughout the club at all times. - BILL, DONAS: # Ki runga te marae o Ngati Poneke. # A hi, aue, aue, hi! # - And so what was the, sort of, training? - I was given a manual, and two days later, I was on board. - That was it? - (VOCALISES SHRILLY) - (VOCALISES SHRILLY) - You could say it's hoarding, or you could say it's sentimentality. - Nah, this is, like, New Zealand music history. - The Queen's blanket? - The Queen's blanket. (UPBEAT ELECTRONIC MUSIC) - Oh, Janet, thank you so much for bringing this very tantalising collection... - (CHUCKLES) - ...of all these objects that relate to your time as a TEAL air hostess. TEAL, or Tasman Empire Airways Limited, was one of New Zealand's first airlines and was the precursor to Air New Zealand, and it originally flew one weekly flight from Auckland to Sydney. - Well, when I started flying, in 1952, we flew from here to Sydney, and then on the flying boat to Fiji, through the Cooks, Samoa and on to Tahiti, which was the ultimate for everybody in those days. It was an experience, because it was about the only opportunity girls had to travel. - Right. Mm. (LAUGHS) - And so that was a way to get, I guess, a glimpse of that kind of life? - Yes. Yes. - Yeah. - Loved every minute of it. - This hat is interesting to me, because you can see that still has a bit of the look of the military. Do you think? - Yes, it was. The one that you're pointing to there was our summer walk-out uniform, our dress uniform, and the black was our winter dress uniform,... - That's right. - ...and in flight, we wore the white, which was like a nurse's uniform. But the uniform was very much a military style ` collar and tie... And very smart. - Yeah. - It used to look like a costume. - And it was fitted to you, wasn't it? - Oh, very much so. - It wasn't just off the rack? It was` Yeah. - My uniforms were made by David Jones in Sydney, which was very special (CHUCKLES) in 1952. - So did you go to Sydney to`? - Yes. - Right, just to be fitted for the uniform? - Mm. Mm. - The early days of commercial aviation were glamorous and exclusive. There were 3000 applicants for the first six TEAL hostesses in 1946. - Not everybody travelled in those days. - No. - If you were going across the Tasman, basically, you flew for business reasons, uh, a family death or a wedding. - Right. - It was very expensive. - And you can tell that from some of the lovely objects you have, like a swizzle stick and this fine China ` it's not just what it is now; it was an event, wasn't it? - We used to serve the canapes, help with the main course, the tea and coffee, the liqueurs afterwards ` it was all first class. - Mm. - We had to learn the names of all our passengers,... - Right. - ...because we had to introduce them to each other. - Wow. - Because they used to sit opposite each other. - And how many passengers would that be per flight that you were having to memorise? - Basically 64. - You had to memorise 64 names? - Mm. Yes, we did. - And so, what was the sort of training that you had to do? - (LAUGHS) I was given a manual and told to sit in the corner of the office and read the manual. - Yep? - Two days later, I was on board. - And that was it? Wow. - (LAUGHS) - Oh, well, you've brought in some amazing treasures. One last request ` would you mind putting one of the hats on,... - (LAUGHS) - ...(CHUCKLES) for old times' sake? - I've got less hair now. - (LAUGHS) And badge to the front. - I don't know what it looks like. - Looks gorgeous. - All right? (CHUCKLES) - Looks exactly the same as your photo. - (BOTH CHUCKLE) - It was a different lifestyle, and... one that I loved every minute of. - Yeah. - (VOCALISES SHRILLY) - (VOCALISES SHRILLY) - I feel like I'm in the presence of, uh, New Zealand music history. Martin, welcome. - Thank you, Oscar. Thank you for having me. It's` Yeah. It's represe` - Sweet, brother. Son of the great Adele Paris,... - Yeah. Well` - ...nee Yandall. - That's right. - One of the Yandall Sisters, of course ` your mum and your auntie's singing group. - That's right. - And what do we have here? - So, here are the Yandall Sisters' microphones. And` - Wow. - The first ones that they bought, and then this is their career-long microphones. - Wow. Oh, I see ` they've got Yandall Sisters marks. - They've even got engravings. Yeah, yeah, yeah. - Well, this is very special. So they hung on to this? - Yeah. You could say it's hoarding, or you could say it's sentimentality. - Nah, this is, like, New Zealand music history. The Yandall Sisters were New Zealand's original all-girl group, and their big hit, which was like a party anthem all around the country, was Sweet Inspiration. It stayed in the top 20 for like weeks. - # I need your sweet # inspiration. - They performed with countless local icons ` people like Bill Savesi and Billy T. James. - Bill Savesi was like, 'Would you like to sing on my album?' And the Yandall Sisters said yes, and they thought, 'Well, if you pay us, the money's going to go to our parents.' Bill Savesi ` his wife, she was a great knitter, so according to my mother, they sang on that album in exchange for sweaters made by Bill Savesi's wife. - Wow. I've been paid in beers, but never sweaters. That would actually be quite useful. - # You know, there just ain't no tellin' # what a satisfied woman might do. # - I hope you have a sense of how great your mum and your aunties are. - How great they are. They performed for the Queen. - You`? - I didn't realise this. - I'm really glad they got to entertain the Queen, because they` you know, the Yandall Sisters are New Zealand music royalty. Their influence and their impact extended beyond just what they did on stage,... - Yeah. - ...and it's so nice of you to bring this stuff in... - Oh, my pleasure. - ...to give us an excuse to talk about it. - ARCHIVE: February the 6th 1963 ` at 10.30 on this Sunday morning, the Queen arrives. - Hi, Helen. What have you brought in today? - Well, um, the main item is the Queen's blanket, which is this here. - The Queen's blanket? - The Queen's blanket. I guess we should say it's a travel rug that was on her knees during the Royal Tour of 1963. - Wow. - It's beautiful wool crepe,... - Yep? - ...and very, very fine. - Yeah. - ARCHIVE: The Queen's first day in New Zealand is significant for several reasons. It's the 11th anniversary of her accession to the throne and also the 123rd anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. - The 1963 Royal Visit was a huge event with massive media coverage. The idea of the tour was to show New Zealand's best face to the world, including some of our core industries, so it's no surprise that this lovely locally made woollen blanket was offered to the Queen on her visit. - My dad was on that royal tour. His role was a communications officer. And I came across this photo. I think it was taken in Blenheim. - Right. - It was like, 'Oh! So it is the Queen's blanket.' Because we just used it as a picnic rug. (LAUGHS) - So you didn't tuck it away and leave it, you know, on the good shelf? You used it? You thrashed it? - Honestly, our family absolutely... used it. - What's wonderful about this is that, you know, people had these in their cars ` it's such a staple of the New Zealand family life, isn't it? - I know. - It is. It's just very special. - Yeah. - Yeah. - I was only 16. We weren't aware... what was going to happen. I thought we were going to die. - 'P.G. Snell.' - Yeah, d'you wanna try it on? - This is the moment of my life! (LAUGHS) (UPBEAT ELECTRONIC MUSIC) (PENSIVE ACOUSTIC MUSIC) - So, this is the Bastion Point flag. - Oh, ataahua. - Yeah. - SPEAKS TE REO: - This flag flew on our whenua at Takaparawha. The colours ` red being that of the bloodshed upon Papatuanuku; the black is about our people, and the white being the purity of our fights. - Mm. - And the emblem of the Mangopare shows the tenacity of our kaupapa. - Mm-hm. And your whanau was very much involved in this occupation from the start? - My father, Joe Hawke, led the occupation. - We want that flag to fly, we want this house to stand, because this is the basis of our pleas ` give our land back. - In 1976, the Crown announced they were selling the land for the development of high-income housing. - Kia ora tatou katoa. Today has been a very busy day for us, and we've heard that you've been very busy here too. - On the 5th of January 1977, Joe Hawke and other activists from Ngati Whatua began their occupation of Bastion Point. The protesters grew crops and built housing and a marae. - ...tonu tatou! - ALL: Ake, ake, ake! - They occupied the land for 506 days before the Muldoon government intervened in an extraordinary way. - So, um, that particular day, I thought we were going to die. - (UNEASY MURMURING) - Hearing the motorcade of police and army along the waterfront... I was only 16. I was a young Maori woman. We weren't aware... what was going to happen. (TENSE MUSIC) - The kaupapa of the occupation was one of peaceful, non-violent resistance, which is why a 600-strong force of police and army circling the occupation was such a shocking and intimidating sight. - It's just that, you know, 'Is this what we've fought for?' - This place is Crown land. I have the lawful authority and duty to prevent unlawful trespassing or intrusion upon or occupation of this place, and you will be removed or expelled... - Ultimately, 222 people were arrested and forcibly removed from their land that day. - You've been asked to leave; just leave, OK? - I was arrested. I went limp and let them drag me. They arrested my grandparents too. My grandmother saw me being arrested, and she ran after me, yelling at the top of their voice. - (WAILS) - I can just visualise her doing that, you know. - (AGONISED WAILING) - The idea is to address the amnesia that's in this country around Maori struggle,... - Mm-hm. - ...around the injustice towards Maori. - How long can we keep this peaceful, Joe? - How proud are you of your father? - Well, my father was always` taught us that it's not about the individual; it's about our people ` that the kaupapa will always come before us, and if you hold true to that... So I'm proud of my dad. I'm proud of what he's done. I'm proud of what he's taught us. - Mm-hm. - Um,... and probably should tell him that someday. - Yeah. (CHUCKLES) I'm proud of him as well ` and your whole whanau. SPEAKS TE REO: - SPEAKS TE REO: - All over the world, New Zealand is known as the small country that punches well above its weight. The next two taonga and the people behind them are definite proof of this. Can you tell us ` what it is we have on the table here in front of us? - I've got a selection of some of my dad's inventions, starting with, I guess, this one ` a prefilled disposable syringe. - Mm-hm? - Single-use. - Your dad was Colin Murdoch, is that right? (LAUGHS) - Uh, that's correct, yes. - Yes. And what was his background? - Uh, well, he was primarily a chemist,... Right? - ...but he also had a veterinary practice. - Colin Murdoch was a hugely imaginative man who ended up with a total of 46 patents. This disposable plastic syringe completely revolutionised the world of medicine. Today, millions of plastic syringes are used every day around the world. - In 1952, Dad wrote with a fountain pen, so he removed the cap from the fountain pen and, as was the custom, he put it on the other end, and that was the sort of eureka moment ` - Yeah? - the top becomes the plunger. - Wow. And I understand he saw it in use at an important time? - Uh, yes. His mother became ill, and the nurse came in with this pack, and she ripped into the sterile packaging, and, uh, she started to freak. She said, 'There's no plunger!' (LAUGHS) - 'What do I do?' Yeah. - And Dad, sort of, stepped up, and he says, 'Oh, 'like this.' And the nurse says, 'Well, how did you know?' And he says, 'Well, it's my design.' (CHUCKLES) - Almost two decades after Colin Murdoch invented his syringe, another Kiwi would come up with an equally game-changing medical device. - My late mother, Norma McCulloch, developed this, the RE-START Resuscitator. - (AIR HISSES) - ...so that you're only pushing fresh air into the patient. - Norma McCulloch's Breath of Life manual resuscitator, for use in CPR, meant that resuscitation could avoid face-to-face contact and the transfer of bodily fluids. - And this was the first product ever developed to and licenced to an international standard in New Zealand. - Really? - Yeah. - Amazing. What an accomplishment. - Yeah. She was awarded one of the top 10 female inventors of the world. - And we're only just, you know, hearing about her. - Yeah. - It's amazing. 'These two inventors were real lateral thinkers whose inventions saved lives.' Both have since passed, leaving their children to champion their legacies. - It makes me proud. You know, she was a great person and always doing stuff that was gonna help people's lives. - (STARTER GUN CRACKS) ARCHIVE: Three Olympic golds, untouchable on the track ` Peter Snell. - Tell us what we have here. - So, this is Peter Snell's jacket from the British Empire Games in Perth in 1962. - SNELL: The only man I feared in the half-mile was my rival from the West Indies, George Kerr. I went really hard around the last curve. And I looked over my left shoulder to see the effect ` he wasn't there; and I looked over my right and noticed he was right on my shoulder. It was going to be a battle of strength up the straight. I couldn't get past, and I knew then that I'd have him over the last 50 yards. - (CROWD ROARS) (TRIUMPHANT MUSIC) - ARCHIVE: Snell just made it in what was to be the most exciting finish of the games and won his first Empire Games gold medal. - Yeah, I came across it in an op shop. - In an op shop?! - In an op shop. - Are you serious? - Yeah. I went to Salvation Army in Henderson, West Auckland, searched through the menswear blazer rack, and it was terrible. So I went to the womenswear, opened up the rack... - In the womenswear? - In the women's wear. And I saw a British Empire Games athletics jacket, and I thought, 'That looks like the real thing,' and there was Peter Snell's nametag inside the jacket. - Well, shall we just`? Let's have a quick look at this. - Yep. I'll give you a hand. - I'm finding this very hard to believe. I mean, cos Peter Snell was one of my boyhood heroes, and I can't believe that Peter Snell's jacket is within a foot of where I'm standing. - So, it's just, uh... - You're right. 'P.G. Snell'. - Peter George. - Peter George Snell. - Probably fit you. D'you wanna try it on? - Oh, I'd be delighted. This is the moment of my life! (LAUGHS) 'Yeah, well, I'm absolutely thrilled with this item.' I mean, Peter Snell was one of the world's great athletes ` certainly New Zealand's greatest athlete, in my view. He won three gold medals, and he also broke the world record for both the mile and the half-mile. I mean, this` it's a special thing for me, cos I saw Peter Snell in 1962 break the world-half mile record. He absolutely smashed it by about one and a half seconds. - ARCHIVE: At the end of the first lap, Robinson is still in front, but as they go past the 440 mark, Snell is overtaking him and will go out into the number one position. The rest of the field is trailing out behind. - I'll never forget the sight of that man racing down the final hundred metres. You could see that Peter Snell was pretty exhausted, and out of sheer will and determination, he kept fighting and got to that finish line, and it was quite phenomenal. - ARCHIVE: Peter Snell has lowered to half-mile record by 1.7 seconds and the 800m by 2.4 seconds. - So it's wonderful to be this close to that piece of history. Thank you very much for coming along and sharing it with us. - No, thanks very much. I'm glad I could share it with the nation. - Right here, right now, is where we draw the line. - It was really emotional to see the entirety of Queen Street as far as you could see in either direction being completely packed. (UPBEAT ELECTRONIC MUSIC) * - Right here, right now, is where we draw the line. The world is waking up, and change is coming, whether you like it or not. - (CHEERING, APPLAUSE) - Kia ora. Thank you so much for coming in. - Hi. Thank you. - And, um, for bringing in this taonga. So, first of all, I wonder if you could just tell us what we're looking at. - Of course. Um, this is one of the banners that was right at the front of School Strike 4 Climate's 80,000-person march down Queen Street. - (CROWD ROARS) - It's the largest single protest in New Zealand history. It says, 'Right here, right now, we are drawing the line.' - And this was right at the front? - Yes. Yup. - Yeah. - When do we want it? - ALL: Now! - What do we want? - Climate action! - When do we want it? - Now! - School Strike 4 Climate is a global youth movement galvanised by a young woman named Greta Thunberg. She was encouraging young people to walk out of their schools to protest en masse, globally, to bring attention to the fact that youth are worried about our future. - It was really emotional to see the entirety of Queen Street as far as you could see in either direction being completely packed. - (CROWD CHANTS) - We were expecting maybe 10,000 people tops. We knew we could rely on 3000 high school students coming out, but we were encouraging everyone to show up, and a lot of people did show up. - Mm. 80,000 people. - 80,000 people. - Mm. Does that give you hope? - I mean, there's clearly public backing for what we're trying to achieve,... - Mm. - ...but we've had a relatively. disappointing response from the government. - Why do you think that is? - I think because... we're asking a lot. And we know we're asking a lot, but when the IPCC predicts that we're about two years now away from irreversible, uncontrollable chain reactions that will lead to the destruction of our planet, we need really strong change from the top,... - Mm. - ...and that's what we're hoping to see. - (CROWD CHANTS) - I think there are a lot of politicians who understand that we are in a pretty dire situation, but they do feel powerless,... - Mm. - ...because it's difficult to know where to go from here. We've never faced anything like this before. It's going to take bravery. But fundamentally, if we don't make these sorts of changes now, we're never going to be able to. - Mm. - It's definitely been a difficult year for climate action, but we're at a kind of a turning point, especially in New Zealand now, where we've got this opportunity to make a statement. We've led the world geopolitically before ` with suffragettes, with anti-nuclear movements. - We can do it again. - We can do it again. And we definitely, definitely should. - Yeah. History is a living thing, and the climate emergency is one of the defining, if not the defining crisis of our time. Our future will be decided within our lifetimes. You don't get 80,000 people marching down a street for nothing. So just for that reason alone, that protest will become a part of our activist history. - What do we want? - ALL: Climate action! - When do we want it? - Now! - (ROAR OF CROWD FADES) (UPBEAT ROCK MUSIC) - As our search for national treasures from the past 100 comes to an end, we head to Te Papa, our national museum, where we reflect on the amazing taonga that have come through the doors. These items bring forth an array of emotions, personal stories and history that help us delve into who we are as a nation and how we got here, so today our team celebrates these amazing taonga with an exhibition that reflects exactly that. SPEAKS TE REO: - (PEOPLE CHATTER) - The chance to share these objects with our visitors here at Te Papa is really, really special. - There's a whole array of things here, and I think together they help illustrate just how rich and deeply historied this country is. - Mm. - Oh, it's really cool to see the ring again, cos it was really lovely when Diana brought it in. - Exquisite, isn't it? - In its lovely little package ` I mean, it just shows how much she treasures it. - Yeah, absolutely. - There is not just one way of telling a New Zealand history ` it's not just what we learned maybe in school; it's people's stories who` they might not have shared them before, but when they open up, it really reveals something about our country. - So the wind goes in there... - Oh, I see. - ...and straight up there. What this exhibition represents is people's heirlooms, things that have been in private possession, suddenly entering into the world of history, but it's also the personal connection which gives these objects real power and real strength. - That's the whole point of it, I feel ` taking people's stories, something very personal. And it's almost like, you know, the more personal something is, the more universal it is. Some of this stuff, it happened 10, 20, 30, 40 years ago, but it was like it was yesterday. That's the thing about history ` for those people that it's really personal to, it might as well have been yesterday. To me, this isn't an exhibition of old stuff. This is now. This is` This is us now. - Just a good old poster from the flatting days. - It's just a poster, but all those things that it can unlock... - Yup. - And also, this is the thing about sharing history ` once we start talking about it, other people come and share their own stories. And that's the beauty of something like this ` is that we all have a story. Things about pop culture, social history, music, fashion, things about activism... It just runs that whole gambit of our history, and it's people's stories. - Look at that. - It's a civil union. How appropriate. Given that I'm gay, it's quite good, isn't it? (LAUGHS) To think... Well, well, well. - See my great-grandfather's briefcase here, it really warms my heart. Him starting in Maori broadcasting, uh, really paved the way for the rest of the Maori radio today. - Well, it's normally sitting on the dining room table, to be honest, so it's quite weird seeing it in a museum. This is a story that New Zealanders are never going to forget, and... we're never to let the Australians forget about it either. - Actually, it's held up pretty well for 20 years old. - Yeah, I know. - Incredibly proud, because it's sat in the back of the wardrobe and I hadn't really thought about how it fits in as part of our fabric of our culture, but seeing all of these other displays around here and everyone else's treasure... It's a blending of all of our cultures and saying... every part of us make our history and make our future. - Yeah. (UPBEAT ACOUSTIC MUSIC) - I think this exhibition represents Aotearoa as the show has ` that there's light and shade; there's fun, there's mischievous korero, there's hard korero, there's things that we haven't been ready to look at, sometimes. SPEAKS TE REO: So I think we're talking about the breadth of who we are. If you've ever watched parts of the show and thought, 'I didn't know that happened,' that's good. That's what... people deserve, is to have a time and a place ` and an enduring place, a place of mana like this ` to be able to bring things that tell their stories and that mean a lot to them.